Ақпараттық қоғам – жаһандану үдерісіндегі әлемдік бәсекеге қабілеттіліктің, даму индексінің өзегі. Сондықтан да, Қазақстан осы саланы дамытып, ақпараттық-инновациялық технологияларды игеруге, телекоммуникациялық әлеуетті арттыруға барынша күш салып келеді. Бұл мемлекетіміздің даму стратегиясынан туындайтын аса маңызды міндеттер.

Қазіргі әлемде ақпараттық қоғам деген түсінік өте маңызды орын алады. Әлеуметтік желілер мен интернеттің кең таралуы, цифрлық технологиялардың дамуы, ақпараттың жылдам таралуы біздің өмірімізді түбегейлі өзгертіп жатыр. Ақпараттық қоғам дегеніміз – бұл қоғамда ақпарат басты ресурсқа айналуы, адамдардың әртүрлі деректер мен білімдерге қол жеткізуі, оны тиімді пайдалануы. Дегенмен, ақпараттық қоғамның болашағына қатысты бірнеше мәселе бар, ол қоғамға пайда әкеліп қана қоймай, кейбір жағдайда зиян да тигізуі мүмкін.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

Ақпараттық қоғамның басты пайдасы оның дамуы мен технологиялық жетістіктерді енгізу арқылы көптеген салаларды жақсартуға мүмкіндік беретіндігі болып табылады. Мысалы:

– Білімнің қолжетімділігі. Ақпараттық қоғамның басты артықшылығы – білімнің қолжетімділігін арттыру. Интернет пен онлайн платформалардың арқасында кез келген адам өзіне қажетті білімді іздеп, үйрене алады. Онлайн курстар мен университеттердің қашықтан оқу бағдарламалары білім алуды жеңілдетіп, ақпараттың шекарасын кеңейтті. Бұрын қол жетімсіз болып келген ақпараттар бүгінгі күні ғаламтор арқылы тек бір рет басу арқылы қолжетімді.

– Жаһанданудың артуы. Ақпараттық қоғамның арқасында әлемнің түкпір-түкпіріндегі адамдар арасындағы байланыс нығайды. Телефония, интернет, әлеуметтік желілердің арқасында біз өзіміздің елімізден тысқары жердегі адамдармен оңай қарым-қатынас жасай аламыз. Бұл жаһандық деңгейде мәдениет алмасуды, халықаралық ынтымақтастықты, экономикалық байланыстарды нығайтуға көмектеседі.

– Экономиканың тиімділігі. Ақпараттық технологиялар экономикада үлкен өзгерістер әкелді. Өндірістің автоматтандырылуы, роботтар мен жасанды интеллекттің қолданылуы, қаржылық қызметтердің онлайн жүйеге көшуі – бұл экономиканы тиімді етуге мүмкіндік береді. Бұл қоғамдағы еңбек өнімділігін арттырып, адамдарға тиімді жұмыс жасау мүмкіндігін береді.

– Мемлекеттік басқару және қоғамдық қызметтердің жақсаруы. Ақпараттық қоғам мемлекеттік басқару саласына да өз ықпалын тигізді. Онлайн қызметтер мен электрондық үкімет жүйесінің енгізілуі халыққа мемлекеттік қызметтерді жеңіл әрі жылдам алуға мүмкіндік береді. Бұл қоғамның мемлекеттік құрылымымен байланысты мәселелерді тез арада шешуге көмектеседі.

Алайда, ақпараттық қоғамның дамуы белгілі бір қиындықтар мен қауіптерді де бірге алып келеді. Солардың ішінде негізгі зияндары:

– Цифрлық теңсіздік. Ақпараттық қоғамның артықшылығын барлығы бірдей пайдалана алмайды. Интернетке қол жетімділігі жоқ немесе ол білім мен ақпаратқа қол жеткізуге мүмкіндік бермейтін адамдар мен өңірлер бар. Бұл цифрлық теңсіздіктің артуына әкеледі және қоғамның белгілі бір топтары ақпараттық ресурстарға тең деңгейде қол жеткізе алмайды.

– Ақпараттық қауіпсіздік және жеке мәліметтердің сақталуы. Ақпараттық қоғамның дамуымен бірге, интернет пен әлеуметтік желілерде жеке ақпараттың ұрлануы, алаяқтық пен киберқылмыстардың саны да артты. Ақпараттың ашықтығы мен қолжетімділігі құпия деректерді сақтау мәселелерін көтерді. Пайдаланушылардың жеке өмірі мен деректерінің қорғалмауы үлкен қауіпке айналды.

– Қоғамдық пікірді манипуляциялау. Ақпараттың кең көлемде таралуы қоғамның пікірін қалыптастыруда белгілі бір қиындықтарға әкеледі. Интернет пен әлеуметтік желілерде жалған ақпараттар мен фейк жаңалықтар таралып, олар қоғамдық пікірге әсер етеді. Бұл қоғамның дұрыс ақпаратқа қол жеткізуін қиындатады, ал қоғамда қате пікірлер мен түсінбеушіліктер туындайды.

– Психологиялық мәселелер. Ақпараттық қоғамда өмір сүру адамдардың психологиялық жағдайына да әсер етеді. Әлеуметтік желілерде үнемі байланыста болу, цифрлық әлемде өмір сүру адамдардың өзін-өзі бағалауы мен эмоционалды жағдайына теріс әсер етуі мүмкін. Үнемі өздерін басқалармен салыстыру, сыртқы көрінісіне, әлеуметтік мәртебесіне көңіл бөлу адамдарды стресске, депрессияға ұшыратуы мүмкін.

Қорытынды

Ақпараттық қоғамның болашағы жарқын, алайда ол бізге тек мүмкіндіктер мен пайда әкелмейді, сонымен бірге түрлі қиындықтар мен қауіптерді де ұсынады. Ақпараттық қоғамды дамыту барысында оның пайдасын максималды түрде пайдалану және зиянын барынша азайту үшін жүйелі түрде жұмыс істеу керек. Мемлекет, қоғам және жеке тұлғалар ақпараттық сауаттылықты арттыру, жеке деректерді қорғауды қамтамасыз ету, цифрлық теңсіздікті жою жолында бірлесіп әрекет етуі қажет. Болашақта ақпараттық қоғам технологиялардың жаңа дәуіріне айналып, өміріміздің барлық саласын қамтып, бізге көптеген жаңа мүмкіндіктер мен қиындықтар ұсынатын болады.

 Қ.Молдабек

Теолог маман